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Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement

Annex I - Schedule of Canada

Sector:
All Sectors

Sub-Sector:

Industry Classification:

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 803)
Performance Requirements (Article 807)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 808)

Measures:
Investment Canada Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 28 (1st Supp.)
Investment Canada Regulations, SOR/85-611, as qualified by paragraphs 8 through 12 of the Description element

Description:
Investment

1.Under the Investment Canada Act, the following acquisitions of Canadian businesses by “non-Canadians” are subject to review by the Director of Investments:

• a. All direct acquisitions of Canadian businesses with assets of C$5 million or more;
• b. All indirect acquisitions of Canadian businesses with assets of C$50 million or more; and
• c. Indirect acquisitions of Canadian businesses with assets between C$5 million and C$50 million that represent more than 50 per cent of the value of the assets of all the entities the control of which is being acquired, directly or indirectly, in the transaction in question.

2. A “non-Canadian” is an individual, government or agency thereof or an entity that is not “Canadian”. “Canadian” means a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, government in Canada or agency thereof or
Canadian-controlled entity as provided for in the Investment Canada Act.

3.In addition, specific acquisitions or establishment of new businesses in designated types of business activities relating to Canada’s cultural heritage or national identity, which are normally notifiable, may be reviewed if the Governor-in-Council authorizes a review in the public interest.

4. An investment subject to review under the Investment Canada Act may not be implemented unless the Minister responsible for the Investment Canada Act advises the applicant that the investment is likely to be of net
benefit to Canada.  Such a determination is made in accordance with six factors described in the Act, summarized as follows:

• a. The effect of the investment on the level and nature of economic activity in Canada, including the effect on employment, on the utilization of parts, components and services produced in Canada, and on exports from Canada;
• b. The degree and significance of participation by Canadians in the investment;
• c. The effect of the investment on productivity, industrial efficiency, technological development and product innovation in Canada;
• d. The effect of the investment on competition within any industry or industries in Canada;
• e. The compatibility of the investment with national industrial, economic and cultural policies, taking into consideration industrial, economic and cultural policy objectives enunciated by the government or legislature of any province likely to be significantly affected by the investment; and
• f. The contribution of the investment to Canada's ability to compete in world markets.

5. In making a net benefit determination, the Minister, through the Director of Investments, may review plans under which the applicant demonstrates the net benefit to Canada of the proposed acquisition.  An applicant may also submit undertakings to the Minister in connection with any proposed acquisition which is the subject of review.  In the event of noncompliance with an undertaking by an applicant, the Minister may seek a court order directing compliance or any other remedy authorized under the Act.

6. Non-Canadians who establish or acquire Canadian businesses, other than those that are subject to review, as described above, must notify the Director of Investments.

7. The Director of Investments will review an “acquisition of control”, as defined in the Investment Canada Act, of a Canadian business by an investor of Colombia if the value of the gross assets of the Canadian business is not less than the applicable threshold.

8. The higher review threshold, calculated as set out in paragraph 13, does not apply to acquisitions in the
following sectors: uranium production and ownership of uranium producing properties; financial services; transportation services; and cultural businesses.

9. Notwithstanding the definition of “investor of a party” in Article 838, only investors who are nationals, or entities controlled by nationals as provided for in the Investment Canada Act, of Colombia may benefit from the higher review threshold.

10. An indirect “acquisition of control” of a Canadian business in any sector other than those sectors identified in paragraph 8 by an investor of Colombia is not reviewable.

11. Notwithstanding Article 807, Canada may impose requirements, or enforce any commitment or undertaking, in connection with the establishment, acquisition, expansion, conduct or operation of an investment of an investor of Colombia or of a non-Party for the transfer of technology, production process or other proprietary knowledge to a national or enterprise, affiliated to the transferor, in Canada, in connection with the review of an acquisition of an investment under the Investment Canada Act.

12. Except for requirements, commitments or undertakings relating to technology transfer as set out in paragraph 11, Article 807 shall apply to requirements, commitments or undertakings imposed or enforced under the Investment Canada Act.  Article 807 shall not be construed to apply to any requirement, commitment or undertaking imposed or enforced in connection with a review under the Investment Canada Act, to locate production, carry out research and development, employ or train workers, or to construct or expand particular facilities, in Canada.

13. For direct acquisitions of control by investors of Colombia or for investors of a non-Party where the Canadian business is controlled by an investor of Colombia, the applicable threshold for review is C$295 million for the year 2008 and for each year thereafter the amount determined by the Minister in January of that year arrived at by using the following formula:

"Current Nominal GDP at Market Prices” means the average of the Nominal Gross Domestic Products at Market Prices for the most recent four consecutive quarters.

“Previous Year Nominal GDP at Market Prices” means the average of the Nominal Gross Domestic Product for the four consecutive quarters for the comparable period in the year preceding the year used in calculating the “Current Nominal GDP at Market Prices”.

The amounts determined in this manner will be rounded to the nearest million dollars.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
All Sectors

Sub-Sector:

Industry Classification:

Type of Reservation:           
National Treatment (Article 803)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 808)

Measures:
As set out in the Description element

Description:
Investment

Canada or any province, when selling or disposing of its equity interests in, or the assets of, an existing state enterprise or an existing governmental entity, may prohibit or impose limitations on the ownership of such interests or assets, and on the ability of owners of such interests or assets to control any resulting enterprise, by investors of Colombia or of a non-Party or their investments.  With respect to such a sale or other disposition, Canada or any province may adopt or maintain any measure relating to the nationality of senior management or members of the board of directors.

For purposes of this reservation:

any measure maintained or adopted after the date of entry into force of this Agreement that, at the time of sale or other disposition, prohibits or imposes limitations on the ownership of equity interests or assets or imposes nationality requirements described in this reservation shall be deemed to be an existing measure; and

“state enterprise” means an enterprise owned or controlled through ownership interests by Canada or any province and includes an enterprise established after the date of entry into force of this Agreement solely for the purposes of selling or disposing of equity interests in, or the assets of, an existing state enterprise or governmental entity.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
All sectors

Sub-Sector:

Industry Classification:

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 803)

Measures:
Canada Business Corporations Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-44
Canada Corporations Act, R.S.C. 1970, c. C-32
Canada Business Corporations Act Regulations, SOR/79-316

Description:
Investment

“Constraints” may be placed on the issue, transfer and ownership of shares in federally incorporated corporations. The object is to permit corporations to meet Canadian ownership requirements, under certain laws set out in the Canada Business Corporations Act Regulations, in sectors where ownership is required as a condition to operate or to receive licenses, permits, grants, payments or other benefits. In order to maintain certain “Canadian” ownership levels, a corporation is permitted to sell shareholders’ shares without the consent of those shareholders, and to purchase its own shares on the open market. “Canadian” is defined in the Canada Business Corporations Act Regulations.

Phase-Out: 
None

Sector:
All sectors

Sub-Sector:

Industry Classification:

Type of Reservation:    
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 808)

Measures: 
Canada Business Corporations Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-44
Canada Business Corporations Act Regulations, SOR/79-316
Canada Corporations Act, R.S.C. 1970, c. C-32

Special Acts of Parliament incorporating specific companies

Description:
Investment

The Canada Business Corporations Act requires, for most federally-incorporated corporations, that 25 per cent of directors be resident Canadians. A simple majority of resident Canadian directors is required for corporations in prescribed sectors.
These sectors are: uranium mining; book publishing or distribution; book sales, where the sale of books is the primary part of the corporation’s business; and film or video distribution. Similarly, corporations that, by an Act of Parliament or Regulation, are individually subject to minimum Canadian ownership requirements are required to have a majority of resident Canadians directors.

For purposes of the Act, “resident Canadian” means an individual who is a Canadian citizen ordinarily resident in Canada, a citizen who is a member of a class set out in the Canada Business Corporations Act Regulations, or a permanent resident as defined in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act other than one who has been ordinarily resident in Canada for more than one year after he or she became eligible to apply for Canadian citizenship.

In the case of a holding corporation, not more than one-third of the directors need be resident Canadians if the earnings in Canada of the holding corporation and its subsidiaries are less than five per cent of the gross earnings of the holding corporation and its subsidiaries.

Under Part IV of the Canada Corporations Act, a simple majority of the elected directors of a Special Act corporation must be resident in Canada and citizens of a Commonwealth country. This requirement applies to every joint stock company incorporated subsequent to 22 June 1869 by any Special Act of Parliament.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
All Sectors

Sub-Sector:

Industry Classification:

Type of Reservation:           
National Treatment (Article 803)

Measures:
Citizenship Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-29
Foreign Ownership of Land Regulations, SOR/79-416

Description:
Investment

The Foreign Ownership of Land Regulations are made pursuant to the Citizenship Act and the Alberta Agricultural and Recreational Land Ownership Act. In Alberta, an ineligible person or foreign-owned or controlled corporation may only hold an interest in controlled land consisting of not more than two parcels containing, in the aggregate, not more than 20 acres. An “ineligible person” is:

• a. an individual who is not a Canadian citizen or permanent resident;
• b. a foreign government or agency thereof; or
• c. a corporation incorporated elsewhere than in Canada.

“Controlled land” means land in Alberta but does not include:

• a. land of the Crown in right of Alberta;
• b. land within a city, town, new town, village or summer village; and
• c. mines or minerals.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
All Sectors

Sub-Sector:

Industry Classification:

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 803)

Measures:
Air Canada Public Participation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 35 (4th Supp.)
Canadian Arsenals Limited Divestiture Authorization Act, S.C. 1986, c. 20
Eldorado Nuclear Limited Reorganization and Divestiture Act, S.C. 1988, c. 41
Nordion and Theratronics Divestiture Authorization Act, S.C. 1990, c. 4

Description:
Investment

A “non-resident” or “non-residents” may not own more than a specified percentage of the voting shares of the corporation to which each Act applies.  For some companies the restrictions apply to individual shareholders, while for others the restrictions may apply in the aggregate.  Where there are limits on the percentage that an individual Canadian investor can own, these limits also apply to non- residents. The restrictions are as follows:

• a. Air Canada: 25 per cent in the aggregate;
• b. Cameco Limited (formerly Eldorado Nuclear Limited): 15 per cent per individual non-resident, 25 per cent in the aggregate;
• c. Nordion International Inc.: 25 per cent in the aggregate;
• d. Theratronics International Limited: 49 per cent in the aggregate;
• e. Canadian Arsenals Limited: 25 per cent in the aggregate.

“Non-resident” generally means:

• 1. an individual, other than a Canadian citizen, who is not ordinarily resident in Canada;
• 2. a corporation incorporated, formed or otherwise organized outside Canada;
• 3. the government of a foreign state or any political subdivision thereof, or a person empowered to perform a function or duty on behalf of such a government;
• 4. a corporation that is controlled directly or indirectly by non-residents as defined in any of subparagraphs (a) through (c);
• 5. a trust:
  • a. established by a non-resident as defined in any of subparagraphs (b) through (d), other than a trust for the administration of a pension fund for the benefit of individuals
    a majority of whom are residents, or
  • b. in which non-residents as defined in any of subparagraphs (a) through (d) have more than 50 per cent of the beneficial interest;
• 6. a corporation that is controlled directly or indirectly by a trust referred to in subparagraph (e).

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
All sectors

Sub-Sector:

Industry Classification:

Type of Reservation:           
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Export and Import Permits Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. E-19

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

Only individuals ordinarily resident in Canada, enterprises having their head offices in Canada or branch offices in Canada of foreign enterprises may apply for and be issued import or export permits or transit authorization certificates for goods and related services subject to controls under the Export and Import Permits Act.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Business Service Industries

Sub-Sector:
Customs Brokers

Industry Classification:       
SIC 7794 Customs Brokers
CPC 749 Other supporting and auxiliary transport services

Type of Reservation:           
National Treatment (Article 902)
Local Presence (Article 905)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 808)

Measures:
Customs Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 1 (2nd Supp.)
Customs Brokers Licensing Regulations, SOR/86-1067

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services and Investment

To be a licensed customs broker in Canada:

• 1. an individual must be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident;
• 2. a corporation must be incorporated in Canada with a majority of its directors being Canadian citizens or permanent residents; and
• 3. a partnership must be composed of persons who are Canadian citizens or permanent residents, or corporations incorporated in Canada with a majority of their directors being Canadian citizens or permanent residents.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Business Service Industries

Sub-Sector:
Duty Free Shops

Industry Classification:       
SIC 6599 Other Retail Stores, Not Elsewhere Classified
(limited to duty free shops)
CPC 631, 632 (limited to duty free shops)

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 803)
National Treatment (Article 902)
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Customs Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 1 (2nd Supp.)
Duty Free Shop Regulations, SOR/86-1072

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services and Investment

1. To be a licensed duty free shop operator at a land border crossing in Canada, an individual must:

• 1. be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident;
• 2. be of good character;
• 3. be principally resident in Canada; and
• 4. have resided in Canada for at least 183 days of the year preceding the year of application for the license.

2. To be a licensed duty free shop operator at a land border crossing in Canada, a corporation must:

• 1. be incorporated in Canada; and
• 2. have all of its shares beneficially owned by Canadian citizens or permanent residents who meet the requirements of paragraph 1.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Business Service Industries

Sub-Sector:
Examination Services relating to the Export and Import of Cultural Property

Industry Classification:
SIC 999 Other Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (limited to cultural property examination services)

CPC 96321 Museum services except for historical sites and buildings (limited to cultural property examination services)
CPC 87909 Other business services n.e.c. (limited to cultural property examination services)

Type of Reservation:
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Cultural Property Export and Import Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-51

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

Only a “resident of Canada” or an “institution” in Canada may be designated as an “expert examiner” of cultural property for purposes of the Cultural Property Export and Import Act. A “resident of Canada” is an individual who is ordinarily resident in Canada, or a corporation that has its head office in Canada or maintains one or more establishments in Canada to which employees employed in connection with the business of the corporation ordinarily report for work. An “institution” is an institution that is publicly owned and operated solely for the benefit of the public, that is established for educational or cultural purposes and that conserves objects and exhibits them.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Business Service Industries

Sub-Sector:
Patent Agents and Agencies

Industry Classification:       
SIC 999 Other Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (limited to patent agency)

CPC 86120 Legal advisory and representation services in statutory procedures of quasi-judicial tribunals, boards, etc. (limited to patent agency)

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 902)
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Patent Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. P-4
Patent Rules, C.R.C. 1978, c. 1250
Patent Cooperation Treaty Regulations, SOR/89-453

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

To represent persons in the presentation and prosecution of applications for patents or in other business before the
Patent Office, a patent agent must be resident in Canada and registered by the Patent Office.

A registered patent agent who is not resident in Canada must appoint a registered patent agent who is resident in Canada as an associate to prosecute an application for a patent.

An enterprise may be added to the patent register provided that it has at least one member who is also on the register.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Business Service Industries

Sub-Sector:
Trade-Mark Agents

Industry Classification:       
SIC 999 Other Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (limited to trade-mark agency)

CPC 86120 Legal advisory and representation services in statutory procedures of quasi-judicial tribunals, boards, etc. (limited to copyright/trademark agency)

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 902)
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Trade-Marks Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. T-13
Trade-mark Regulations (1996), SOR/96-195

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

To represent persons in the presentation and prosecution of applications for trade-marks or in other business before the Trade-Mark Office, a trade-mark agent must be resident in Canada and registered by the Trade-Mark Office.

A registered trade-mark agent who is not resident in Canada must appoint a registered trade-mark agent who is resident
in Canada as an associate to prosecute an application for a trade-mark.

A firm may be added to the list of trade-marks agents provided that it has at least one member who is also on the register.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Energy

Sub-Sector: 
Oil and Gas

Industry Classification:
SIC 071 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries
CPC 883 Services incidental to mining

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 803)

Measures:
Canada Petroleum Resources Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 36 (2nd Supp.)
Territorial Lands Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. T-7
Federal Real Property and Federal Immovables Act, S.C. 1991, c. 50
Canada-Newfoundland Atlantic Accord Implementation Act, S.C. 1987, c. 3
Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources Accord Implementation Act, S.C. 1988, c. 28
Canada Oil and Gas Land Regulations, C.R.C. 1978, c. 1518

Description:
Investment

This reservation applies to production licenses issued with respect to “frontier lands” and “offshore areas” (areas not under provincial jurisdiction) as defined in the applicable measures.

Persons who hold oil and gas production licenses or shares therein for discoveries made after 5 March 1982 must be corporations incorporated in Canada.

The Canadian ownership requirements for oil and gas production licenses for discoveries made prior to 5 March
1982, are set out in the Canada Oil and Gas Land Regulations.

Phase-Out:  
None

Sector:
Energy

Sub-Sector:
Oil and Gas

Industry Classification:
SIC 071 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries
CPC 883 Services incidental to mining

Type of Reservation:
Performance Requirements (Article 807) Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Canada Oil and Gas Production and Conservation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. O-7, as amended by Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act, S.C. 1992, c. 35
Canada - Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources
Accord Implementation Act, S.C. 1988, c. 28
Canada - Newfoundland Atlantic Accord Implementation Act, S.C. 1987, c. 3
Measures implementing Yukon Oil and Gas Accord Measures implementing Northwest Territories Oil and Gas Accord

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services and Investment

1. Under the Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act, the approval of the Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources of a “benefits plan” is required to receive authorization to proceed with any oil and gas development project.

2. A “benefits plan” is a plan for the employment of Canadians and for providing Canadian manufacturers, consultants, contractors and service companies with a full and fair opportunity to participate on a competitive basis in the supply of goods and services used in any proposed work or activity referred to in the benefits plan.
The Act permits the Minister to impose an additional requirement on the applicant, as part of the benefits plan, to ensure that disadvantaged individuals or groups have access to training and employment opportunities or can participate in the supply of goods and services used in any proposed work referred to in the benefits plan.

The Canada - Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources Accord Implementation Act and the Canada - Newfoundland Atlantic Accord Implementation Act have the same requirement for a benefits plan but also require that
the benefits plan ensure that:

• a. prior to carrying out any work or activity in the offshore area, the corporation or other body submitting the plan establish in the applicable province an office where appropriate levels of decision-making are to take place;
• b. expenditures be made for research and development to be carried out in the province, and for education and training to be provided in the province; and
• first consideration be given to goods produced or services provided from within the province, where those goods or services are competitive in terms of fair market price, quality and delivery.

4. The Boards administering the benefits plan under these Acts may also require that the plan include provisions to ensure that disadvantaged individuals or groups, or corporations owned or cooperatives operated by them, participate in the supply of goods and services used in any proposed work or activity referred to in the plan.

5. In addition, Canada may impose any requirement or enforce any commitment or undertaking for the transfer of technology, a production process or other proprietary knowledge to a person of Canada in connection with the approval of development projects under the applicable Acts.

6. Provisions similar to those set out above will be included in laws or regulations to implement the Yukon Oil and Gas Accord and Northwest Territories Oil and Gas Accord which for purposes of this reservation shall be deemed, once concluded, to be existing measures.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Energy

Sub-Sector:
Oil and Gas

Industry Classification:
SIC 071 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries
CPC 883 Services incidental to mining

Type of Reservation:
Performance Requirements (Article 807)

Measures:
Canada - Newfoundland Atlantic Accord Implementation Act, S.C. 1987, c. 3
Hibernia Development Project Act, S.C. 1990, c. 41

Description:
Investment

Pursuant to the Hibernia Development Project Act, Canada and the “Hibernia Project Owners” may enter into agreements whereby the Project Owners undertake to perform certain work in Canada and Newfoundland and to use their “best efforts” to achieve specific Canadian and Newfoundland “target levels” in relation to the provisions of any “benefit plan” required under the Canada- Newfoundland Atlantic Accord Implementation Act. “Benefits plans” are further described in the Schedule of Canada, Annex I at pages I-C-23-25

In addition, Canada may impose in connection with the Hibernia project any requirement or enforce any commitment or undertaking for the transfer of technology, a production process or other proprietary knowledge to a national or enterprise in Canada.

Phase-Out: 
None

Sector:
Energy

Sub-Sector:
Uranium

Industry Classification:
SIC 0616 Uranium Mines
CPC 883 Services incidental to mining

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 803)
Most Favoured- Nation Treatment (Article 804)

Measures:
Investment Canada Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 28 (1st Supp.)
Investment Canada Regulations, SOR/85-611
Policy on Non Resident Ownership in the Uranium Mining Sector, 1987

Description:
Investment

Ownership by “non-Canadians”, as defined in the Investment Canada Act, of a uranium mining property is limited to 49 per cent at the stage of first production. Exceptions to this limit may be permitted if it can be established that the property is in fact “Canadian controlled” as defined in the Investment Canada Act.

Exemptions from the policy are permitted, subject to approval of the Governor-in-Council, only in cases where Canadian participants in the ownership of the property are not available. Investments in properties by non-Canadians, made prior to 23 December 1987 and that are beyond the permitted ownership level, may remain in place. No increase in non-Canadian ownership is permitted.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Fisheries

Sub-Sector:
Fish Harvesting and Processing

Industry Classification:
SIC 031 Fishing Industry
CPC 882 Services Incidental to Fishing

Type of Reservation:;
National Treatment (Article 803)

Measures:
Policy on Foreign Investment in the Canadian Fisheries Sector, 1985
Commercial Fisheries Licensing Policy
Fisheries Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. F-14

Description:
Investment

Fish processing enterprises that have a foreign ownership level of more than 49 per cent are prohibited from holding Canadian commercial fishing licenses.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Professional, Technical and Specialized Services

Sub-Sector:
Professional Services

Industry Classification:
CPC 862 Auditing Services

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 902)
Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 903)
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Bank Act, S.C. 1991, c. 46
Insurance Companies Act, S.C. 1991, c. 47
Cooperative Credit Associations Act, 1991, c. 48
Trust and Loan Companies Act, 1991, c. 45

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

Banks are required to have a firm of accountants to be auditors of the bank. A firm of accountants must be qualified as set out in the Bank Act. Among the qualifications required is that two or more members of the firm must be ordinarily resident in Canada and that the member of the firm jointly designated by the firm and the bank to conduct the audit must be ordinarily resident in Canada.

An insurance company, a cooperative credit association, and a trust or loan company require an auditor who can either be a natural person or a firm of accountants. An auditor of such an institution must be qualified as set out in the Insurance Companies Act, the Cooperative Credit Associations Act or the Trust and Loan Companies Act, as the case may be. In the case where a natural person is appointed to be the
auditor of such a financial institution, among the qualifications required is that the person must be ordinarily resident in Canada. In the case where a firm of accountants is appointed to be the auditor of such a financial institution, the member of the firm jointly designated by the firm and the financial institution to conduct the audit must be ordinarily resident in Canada.

Phase-Out: None

Sector:
Transportation

Sub-Sector:
Air Transportation

Industry Classification:
SIC 451 Air Transport Industries
CPC 731 Passenger transportation by air
CPC 732 Freight transportation by air

Specialty air services, as set out in the Description section below

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 803)

Measures:
Canada Transportation Act, S.C. 1996, c. 10
Aeronautics Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. A-2
Canadian Aviation Regulations, SOR/96-433:

Part II “Aircraft Markings & Registration”;
Part IV “Personnel Licensing & Training”; and
Part VII “Commercial Air Services”

Description:
Investment

The Canada Transportation Act, in Section 55, defines

“Canadian” in the following manner:

"... 'Canadian' means a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident within the meaning of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, a government in Canada or an agent of such a government or a corporation or other entity that is incorporated or formed under the laws of Canada or a province, that is controlled in fact by Canadians and of which at least seventy-five per cent, or such lesser percentage as the Governor in Council may by regulation specify, of the voting interests are owned and controlled by Canadians..."

Regulations made under the Aeronautics Act incorporate by reference the definition of “Canadian” found in the Canada Transportation Act. These Regulations require that a Canadian operator of commercial air services operate Canadian-registered aircraft. These regulations require an operator to be Canadian in order to obtain a Canadian Air Operator Certificate and to qualify to register aircraft as “Canadian”.

Only “Canadians” may provide the following commercial air transportation services:

1. “domestic services” (air services between points, or from and to the same point, in the territory of Canada, or between a point in the territory of Canada and a point not in the territory of another country);

“scheduled international services” (scheduled air services between a point in the territory of Canada and a point in the territory of another country) where those services have been reserved to Canadian carriers under existing or future air services agreements;

“non-scheduled international services” (non- scheduled air services between a point in the territory of Canada and a point in the territory of another country) where those services have been reserved to Canadian carriers under the Canada Transportation Act.

“specialty air services” (include, but are not limited to: aerial mapping, aerial surveying, aerial photography, forest fire management, fire-fighting, aerial advertising, glider towing, parachute jumping, aerial construction, heli-logging, aerial inspection, aerial surveillance, flight training, aerial sightseeing and aerial crop spraying).

No foreign individual may own a Canadian-registered aircraft for private use.

A corporation incorporated in Canada but that does not meet the Canadian ownership and control requirements may only register an aircraft for private use when the corporation is the sole owner of the aircraft. The Canadian Aviation Regulations also have the effect of limiting “non-Canadian” corporations operating foreign-registered private aircraft within Canada to the carriage of their own employees.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Transportation

Sub-Sector:
Air Transportation

Industry Classification:
SIC 4523 Aircraft Servicing Industry
SIC 3211 Aircraft and Aircraft Parts Industry

Not CPC defined: Aircraft repair and maintenance services, as defined in the Cross-Border Trade in Services chapter.

Type of Reservation:
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Aeronautics Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. A-2
Canadian Aviation Regulations, SOR/96-433:

Part IV “Personnel Licensing & Training”;
Part V “Airworthiness”;
Part VI “General Operating & Flight Rules”; and
Part VII “Commercial Air Services”

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

Aircraft and other aeronautical product repair, overhaul or maintenance activities required to maintain the airworthiness of Canadian-registered aircraft and other aeronautical products must be performed by Canadian- certified persons (i.e., approved maintenance organizations and aircraft maintenance engineers). Certifications are not provided for persons located outside Canada, except sub- organizations of approved maintenance organizations that are themselves located in Canada.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Transportation

Sub-Sector:
Land Transportation

Industry Classification:
SIC 456 Truck Transport Industries
SIC 4572 Interurban and Rural Transit Systems Industry
SIC 4573 School Bus Operations Industry
SIC 4574 Charter and Sightseeing Bus Services Industry

CPC 7121 Other scheduled passenger transportation by land other than by railway
CPC 7122 Other non-scheduled passenger transportation by land other than by railway
CPC 7123 Freight transportation by land other than by railway

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 902)
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Motor Vehicle Transport Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 28 (3rd Supp.), as amended by S.C. 2001, c. 13.
Canada Transportation Act, S.C. 1996, c. 10 Customs Tariff, 1997, c. 36

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

Only persons of Canada using Canadian-registered and either Canadian built or duty-paid trucks or buses, may provide truck or bus services between points in the territory of Canada.

Phase-Out: 
None

Sector:
Transportation

Sub-Sector:
Water Transportation

Industry Classification:
SIC 4541 Freight and Passenger Water Transport Industry
SIC 4542 Ferry Industry
SIC 4543 Marine Towing Industry
SIC 4549 Other Water Transport Industries
SIC 4553 Salvage Industry
SIC 4559 Other Service Industries Incidental to Water Transport

CPC 721 Transport services by sea-going vessels
CPC 722  Transport services by non-seagoing vessels
CPC 74540  Vessel salvage and refloating services
CPC 74590  Other supporting services for water transport

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 803) National Treatment (Article 902) Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Canada Shipping Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. S-9, Part I

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services and Investment

1.To register a ship in Canada, the owner of that ship or the person who has exclusive possession of that ship must be:

• a. a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act,
• b. a corporation incorporated under the laws of Canada or a province; or
• c. when the ship is not already registered in another country, a corporation incorporated under the laws of a country other than Canada if one of the following is acting with respect to all matters relating to the ship, namely:
  • i. a subsidiary of the corporation that is incorporated under the laws of Canada or a province,
  • ii. an employee or director in Canada of any branch office of the corporation that is carrying on business in Canada, or
  • iii. a ship management company incorporated under the laws of Canada or a province.

2. A ship registered in a foreign country which has been bareboat chartered may be listed in Canada for the duration of the charter while the ship’s registration is suspended in its country of registry, if the charterer is:

• 1. a Canadian citizen or permanent resident as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act; or
• 2. a corporation incorporated under the laws of Canada or a province.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Transportation

Sub-Sector:
Water Transportation

Industry Classification:
SIC 4541 Freight and Passenger Water Transport Industry
SIC 4542 Ferry Industry
SIC 4543 Marine Towing Industry
SIC 4549 Other Water Transport Industries
SIC 4553 Marine Salvage Industry
SIC 4554 Piloting Service, Water Transport Industry
SIC 4559 Other Service Industries Incidental to Water Transport

CPC 721 Transport services by sea-going vessels
CPC 722 Transport services by non-seagoing vessels
CPC 74520 Pilotage and berthing services
CPC 74540 Vessel salvage and refloating services
CPC 74590 Other supporting services for water transport

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 902)
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Canada Shipping Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. S-9, Part II
Marine Certification Regulations, SOR 97-391

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

Masters, mates, engineers and certain other seafarers must hold certificates granted by the Minister of Transport as a requirement of service on Canadian registered ships.  Such certificates may be granted only to Canadian citizens or permanent residents.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Transportation

Sub-Sector:
Water Transportation

Industry Classification:
SIC 4554 Piloting Service, Water Transport Industry
CPC 74520 Pilotage and berthing services

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Article 902)
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Pilotage Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. P-14
General Pilotage Regulations, SOR/2000-132
Atlantic Pilotage Authority Regulations, C.R.C. 1978, c. 1264
Laurentian Pilotage Authority Regulations, C.R.C. 1978, c1268
Great Lakes Pilotage Regulations, C.R.C. 1978, c. 1266
Pacific Pilotage Regulations, C.R.C. 1978, c. 1270

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

Subject to the Schedule of Canada, Annex II, at pages II-C-17-18, a licence or a pilotage certificate issued by the relevant regional Pilotage Authority is required to provide pilotage services in the compulsory pilotage waters of the territory of Canada. Only Canadian citizens or permanent residents may obtain such a licence or pilotage certificate. A permanent resident of Canada who has been issued a pilot’s licence or pilotage certificate must become a Canadian citizen within five years of receipt of such licence or pilotage certificate in order to retain it.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Transportation

Sub-Sector:
Water Transportation

Industry Classification:
SIC 454 Water Transport Industry
CPC 721 Transportation services by sea-going vessels
CPC 722 Transportation services by non-sea- going vessels

Type of Reservation:
Local Presence (Article 905)

Measures:
Shipping Conferences Exemption Act, 1987, R.S.C. 1985, c. 17 (3rd Supp.)

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

Members of a shipping conference must maintain jointly an office or agency in the region of Canada where they operate. A shipping conference is an association of ocean carriers that has the purpose or effect of regulating rates and conditions for the transportation by those carriers of goods by water.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
Transportation

Sub-Sector:
Water Transportation

Industry Classification:
SIC 4541 Freight and Passenger Water Transport Industry
SIC 4542 Ferry Industry
SIC 4543 Marine Towing Industry

CPC 721 Transportation services by sea-going vessels
CPC 722 Transportation services by non-sea-going vessels

Type of Reservation:
Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (Article 903)

Measures:
Coasting Trade Act, S.C. 1992, c. 31

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services

The prohibitions under the Coasting Trade Act, set out in Schedule of Canada, Annex II, at pages II-C-14-16, do not apply to any vessel that is owned by the U.S. Government when used solely for the purpose of transporting goods owned by the U.S. Government from the territory of Canada to supply Distant Early Warning sites.

Phase-Out:
None

Sector:
All Sectors

Sub-Sector:

Industry Classification:

Type of Reservation:
National Treatment (Articles 803, 902)
Most-Favoured Nation (Articles 804, 903)
Local Presence (Article 905)
Performance Requirements (Article 807)
Senior Management and Boards of Directors (Article 808)

Measures:
All existing non-conforming measures of all provinces and territories.

Description:
Cross-Border Trade in Services and Investment

Phase-Out:

None